The Ministry of Education and Vocational Training is inviting application from qualified Tanzanians for the undergraduate degree programme (hereafter called 2015 undergraduate GKS”) to be conducted in the Republic of Korea for the academic year 2015- 2020
Qualifications
Prospective candidates must meet the following qualifications:- · Applicants must have passed their Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education Examination with an average of B+ grade or above; · Applicants must not be older than 25 years by March, 1st , 2015; and · Applicants must not at any time have ever received Korea Government Scholarship for undergraduate studies Mode of Application (a) All application should be made using application forms from the Websitehttp://www.studyinkorea.go.kr; (b) Applicants can apply for all other programmes except those which are exceeding four years duration (eg. medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, architecture etc); and (c) Application forms should be filled as per guidelines and be attached with all necessary attachments as stipulated in the checklist. Completely filled application forms should be submitted to the address below before 15thOctober, 2014 The Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, P.O. Box 9121, DAR ES SALAAM
Moe.go.tz
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GOVERNMENT SCHOLARSHIPS TENABLE IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA FOR THE YEAR 2015
HIVYO NDIVYO MAFUTA NA GESI YANAVYOTENGENEZWA (ORIGIN OF PERTOLEUM)
Karibu msomaji wa Petroleum field ambapo today I am going to share with you Asili ya mafuta na Gesi (origin of Petroleu).
Where does Petroleum Come from? (Nini asili ya Mafuta na gesi)
Well, Kabla hatujaua jinsi mafuta na gesi yanavyotengenezwa lets discribe the word Petroleum its self.
Karne kadhaa zilizopita Rock outcrop kwenye uso wa Dunia ilikuwa ikizalisha mafuta.na hayo mafuta yaliitwa Oil Rock because oil was seep out the rock itself
Kati kati mwa Karne ya 19 watafiti walikuja na idea mpya mbapo walisema, Neno Petroleum Linatokana na maneno mawili neno la kigiriki Petro ambalo mana yake kwa kingereza ni Rock, na Neno Leum ambalo ni neno la kilatin ambalo maana yake kwa kingereza ni Oil
Summary.
Petro means Rock
Leum means Oil.
Now, Mafuta na gesu yanatengenezwaje? Lets go
Kuna theory kuu 2 zinazozungumzia origin of Petroleum (asili ya Mafuta na gesi).Nazo ni hizi zifuatazo.
1.Organic theory
2.Inorganic theory
Lest first descuss about Organic Theory.
Theory hii inaeleza kuwa Petroleum (mafuta na gesi) ilitokana na mabaki ya mimea na wanyama walikoufa miaka million kadhaa iliyopita.
Baadhi ya Wadudu wadogo (microscopic animals) ambao wanaishi baharin(ocean) Kama Planton na Algae hufa na n kujifukia chini ya bahari kwa kingereza wanasema(they burried into bottom of the ocean). Mabaki yao ndio huwa chanzo cha mafuta na gesi.
SPECIAL CASE
Kama unavyojua mnyama yoyote akifa wanyama wengine na bakteria huja na kula yale mabaki. (when animal died, other Animals and bacteria comes to consume remains).
Kwa hiyo kwenye maji ya kina kifupi (Shallow water)ambapo wadudu hawa huishi,mkondo wa maji huja na kuwasukuma chini ya maji ambapo hakuna hewa safi(oxygen) ya kutosha na hivyo kupelekea wao kufa.
Wanyama hao husukumwa na mkondo wa maji kutoka kwenye mazingira yenye oxygen ya kutosha (Aerobic environment) na kuwapeleka kwenye mazingira ambayo yaNA ufinyu wa hewa safi ya Oxygen(Anaerobic enviroment) hivyo hufa mara moja.
Kumbuka kwenye anaerobic environment (mazingira yenye hewa finyu ya oxgen) hakuna wanyama wala bakteria wengine wanaoweza kuja kula mabaki ya viumbe hivyo vilivyokufa.
So, Mabaki ya wanyama hao yatabaki hapo mpaka yatakapouja kufunikwa na mchanga na udongo (get burried by Particles of sand and silt)
Cycle hii itajurudia mara kwa mara.Baada ya mika kadhaa this particle of sand and silt ambazo zilifunika wanyama hao waliokufa zinakuwa zinapata mkandamizo wa layer nyingi zaidi hadi ile layer ya kwanza inakuwa imezama chini kwenye kina kirefu.
Hii inasababisha kuongezeka kwa Presha na heat mpaka sediment zina badilika kwenda kwenye sedimentary rock,na zile remains hubadilika kuwa hydrocarbon.
Note
Kwa theory hii ya mafuta na gesi yanavyotengenezwa hata makaa ya mawe (coal) pia hutengenezwa kwa mtindo huu. Isipokuwa,
Mafuta (Oil) hutengenezwa kutokana na mabaki ya wanyama kama Plankton.
Makaa ya mawe (Coal) Hutengenezwa kutokana na mabaki y mimea mbali mbali.
Gesi hutengenezwa baada ya mabaki ya wanyama kufukiwa kwa muda wa mrefu zaidi.
Pia kumbuka napozungumzia wanyama wanaotengeneza mafuta na gesi hapa sizungumzii kila mnyama hapa nazungumzia wanyama wadogo (microscopic animals) like Plankton and algae.
Now lets move on second theory.
2. Inorganic theory
Kwenye theory hii mafuta hutengenezwa kwa kufanya reaction between Minerals.
Wanasayansi wamejaribu kutengeneza gesi ya methane kwa kwa kuapply heat na pressure into minerals.
Lakini hata hivyo ni ni kiwango kidogo sana cha mafuta siku hizi kinachotengenezwa kwa njia hii.
FINAL WORDS
Najua kuna mengi sana kuhusiana na origin of Petroleum ambayo sijayazungumzia hapo,kama unachochote cha kuongezea kuhusiana na Origin ya Petroleum,please share with us